Research Proposal Guidelines

Research Proposal Guidelines Research Proposal Guidelines Research Proposal Guidelines: How to Write the Research Proposal of a Good Quality? As it is understood by the name of the article the research proposal guidelines in this field of activity can play the important role for the person and especially students. When the person gets the task to write the research proposal there are immediately a lot of thoughts in the head. How to make it good qualified and correct? This is not that difficult, as al you are to do first is to search the Internet or some other sources and to find the necessary information about this type of the written task. Research Proposal Guidelines: What Points to Consider?The person should take into account the research proposal guidelines while working on the research proposal in the process of the research. What is also necessary here is the level of the material used in the content of the article, besides the process of sorting the material needed for the proper accommodation of the facts. As for the leve l of it you are to take into account the fact that the person should feel confident with the period of time needed for the proper writing of the present work. The research proposal writing is quite necessary for the graduate student, as a rule this kind of the written paper is quite necessary for the person trying to get some degree. One more point that can be of some help here is of course the professionalism of the writer, as in this case the person should be quite acknowledged with the topic of the present research and also with the field of activity. As at any case the person should feel assured with the facts discussed in the article and also with the level of material that presupposes the high quality of it. The proper acquaintance with the topic is quite important here, as the person should understand what he or she is writing about. The scientific level of the material is quite necessary here as the proper understanding and processing of facts is quite of hel p, especially for the person, who tries to become the real professional and finally get the qualified and proper research paper. Professional Help with a Research Proposal If you need professional help with your research proposal writing, you are welcome to rely on professionalism of our writers. Our researchers are qualified to handle any project. We deliver written papers on time, and we never plagiarize!

Brosimum alicastrum, The Ancient Maya Breadnut Tree

Brosimum alicastrum, The Ancient Maya Breadnut Tree The breadnut tree (Brosimum alicastrum) is an important species of tree that grows in the wet and dry tropical forests of Mexico and Central America, as well as in the Caribbean Islands. Also known as the ramà ³n tree, asli or Cha Kook in the Mayan language, the breadnut tree usually grows in regions that are between 300 and 2,000 meters (1,000-6,500 feet) above sea level. The fruits have a small, elongated shape, similar to apricots, although they are not particularly sweet. The seeds are edible nuts which can be ground and used in porridge or for flour. The Breadnut Tree and the Maya The breadnut tree is one of the dominant species of plants in the tropical Maya forest. Not only its density very high around ancient ruined cities, particularly in the Guatemalan Petà ©n, but it can reach a height of around 40 m (130 ft), producing abundant yields and with several harvests possible in one year. For this reason, it is often still planted by modern Maya near their homes. The widespread presence of this tree near ancient Maya cities has been explained variously as: The trees could be the result of a human-manicured or even deliberately-managed tree farming (agro-forestry). If so, it is likely that the Maya first simply avoiding cutting the trees down, and then eventually replanted breadnut trees near their habitations so that now they propagate more easilyIt is also possible that the breadnut tree simply grows well in the limestone soils and rubble fill near ancient Maya cities, and the residents took advantage of thatThe presence could also be the result of small animals such as bats, squirrels, and birds which eat the fruits and seeds and facilitate their dispersion in the forest The Breadnut Tree and Maya Archaeology The role of the breadnut tree and its importance in ancient Maya diet has been at the center of many debates. In the 1970s and 80s, archaeologist Dennis E. Puleston (son of the famous environmentalist Dennis Puleston), whose unfortunate and untimely death prevented him from further developing his research on breadnut and other Mayan subsistence studies, was the first to hypothesize the importance of this plant as a  staple crop for the ancient Maya. During his research at the site of Tikal  in Guatemala, Puleston recorded a particularly high concentration of this tree around the house mounds compared to other species of trees. This element, along with the fact that the breadfruit seeds are particularly nutritious and high in proteins, suggested to Puleston that the ancient inhabitants of Tikal, and by extension of other Maya cities in the forest, relied on this plant as much as or perhaps even more than on maize. But Was Puleston Right? Furthermore, in later studies Puleston demonstrated that its fruit can be stored for many months, for example in subterranean chambers called chultuns, in a climate where fruit usually rots rapidly.  However, more recent research has significantly decreased the role and importance of breadnut in the ancient Maya diet, defining it instead as an emergency food source in case of famine, and linking its unusual abundance near ancient Maya ruins to environmental factors more than human intervention. Sources This glossary entry is a part of the About.com guide to Mesoamerica , and the Dictionary of Archaeology and the guide to Plant Domestication. Harrison PD, and Messenger PE. 1980. Obituary: Dennis Edward Puleston, 1940-1978. American Antiquity 45(2):272-276. Lambert JDH, and Arnason JT. 1982. Ramon and Maya Ruins: An Ecological, not an Economic, Relation. Science 216(4543):298-299. Miksicek CH, Elsesser KJ, Wuebber IA, Bruhns KO, and Hammond N. 1981. Rethinking Ramon: A Comment on Reina and Hills Lowland Maya Subsistence. American Antiquity 46(4):916-919. Peters CM. 1983. Observations on Maya Subsistence and the Ecology of a Tropical Tree. American Antiquity 48(3):610-615. Schlesinger V. 2001, Animals and Plants of the Ancient Maya. A Guide. Austin: University of Texas Press Turner BL, and Miksicek CH. 1984. Economic Plant Species Associated with Prehistoric Agriculture in the Maya Lowlands. Economic Botany 38(2):179-193 Updated by K. Kris Hirst